`NumberFormatException` is an exception that occurs in Java when attempting to convert a string to a numeric type. This exception is thrown if the string is not in a valid numeric format.
**Cause:**
`NumberFormatException` commonly occurs in the following situations:
1. **Using methods like `Integer.parseInt()`, `Double.parseDouble()`, etc., to convert a string to a number**: If the string being converted is not in a valid numeric format, the exception is thrown.
```java
String strNumber = "ABC";
int number = Integer.parseInt(strNumber); // This will throw a NumberFormatException.
```
2. **Attempting to perform explicit casting from a string to a numeric type**: If you try to cast a string to a numeric type directly, and the string is not a valid numeric representation, the exception is raised.
```java
String strNumber = "123";
double doubleNumber = (double) strNumber; // This will throw a NumberFormatException.
```
**Solution:**
To avoid `NumberFormatException`, you should check if the string is in a valid numeric format before attempting to convert it. Here are some solutions to handle and prevent this exception:
1. **Using `try-catch` block**: Use a `try-catch` block to handle the exception and provide an alternative value or error message for strings that cannot be converted.
```java
String strNumber = "ABC";
int number;
try {
number = Integer.parseInt(strNumber);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// Handle the exception for an invalid conversion
number = 0; // Provide a default or alternative value
}
```
2. **Using regular expressions for validation**: Check if the string is in a valid numeric format using regular expressions before performing the conversion.
```java
String strNumber = "123";
if (strNumber.matches("\\d+")) {
int number = Integer.parseInt(strNumber); // Convert if it is a valid numeric format
} else {
// Handle the case when the string is not in a valid numeric format
}
```
3. **Handling `parseInt()` without `try-catch`**: If you want to use `parseInt()` without a `try-catch` block, validate the string as a numeric format before calling the method.
```java
String strNumber = "ABC";
if (strNumber.matches("\\d+")) {
int number = Integer.parseInt(strNumber); // Convert if it is a valid numeric format
} else {
// Handle the case when the string is not in a valid numeric format
}
```
By validating the string for a valid numeric format and handling the exception properly, you can avoid `NumberFormatException` and improve the stability and accuracy of your program.
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